Science advances through new ideas and concepts which provide a more accurate method of looking at the world, making things work and furthering knowledge as well as the scientific method itself. But there are some ideas that are so profound and stunning that they may last as particularly sturdy advances in knowledge. A book published in 2003, Galileo's Finger: The Ten Great Ideas of Science, by Peter Atkins, lists ten lasting ideas – though a disproportionate number of these ten ideas are from the 19th and 20th centuries:
Evolution Occurs by Natural Selection
DNA Encodes Heritable Information
Energy is Conserved
Entropy: The Universe Tends Toward Disorder
Matter Is Made of Atoms
Symmetry Quantifies Beauty
Classical Mechanics Fails to Describe Small Particles
The Universe Is Expanding
Spacetime Is Curved by Matter
Mathematics Is the Limit of Reason
http://www.realclearscience.com/lists/10_greatest_ideas_in_the_history_of_science/
Evolution Occurs by Natural Selection
DNA Encodes Heritable Information
Energy is Conserved
Entropy: The Universe Tends Toward Disorder
Matter Is Made of Atoms
Symmetry Quantifies Beauty
Classical Mechanics Fails to Describe Small Particles
The Universe Is Expanding
Spacetime Is Curved by Matter
Mathematics Is the Limit of Reason
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