Specialists versus Farmers and Hunters

Mechanical Solidarity and Organic Solidarity refer to the concepts of solidarity as developed by Emile Durkheim. They are used in the context of differentiating between mechanical and organic societies.

According to Durkheim, the types of social solidarity correlate with types of society. Durkheim introduced the terms "mechanical" and "organic solidarity" as part of his theory of the development of societies in The Division of Labour in Society (1893). In a society exhibiting mechanical solidarity, its cohesion and integration comes from the homogeneity of individuals—people feel connected through similar work, educational and religious training, and lifestyle. Mechanical solidarity normally operates in "traditional" and small scale societies. In simpler societies (e.g., tribal), solidarity is usually based on kinship ties of familial networks. Organic solidarity comes from the interdependence that arises from specialization of work and the complementarities between people—a development which occurs in "modern" and "industrial" societies.

Definition: it is social cohesion based upon the dependence individuals have on each other in more advanced societies. Although individuals perform different tasks and often have different values and interest, the order and very solidarity of society depends on their reliance on each other to perform their specified tasks.

Organic here is referring to the interdependence of the component parts. Thus, social solidarity is maintained in more complex societies through the interdependence of its component parts (e.g., farmers produce the food to feed the factory workers who produce the tractors that allow the farmer to produce the food).

The two types of solidarity can be distinguished by morphological and demographic features, type of norms in existence, and the intensity and content of the conscience collective.

-- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mechanic_society

The link above includes a very informative chart comparing mechanical and organic solidarity.

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What happens when a mechanic society and organic society go to war?

Northern and Southern Soldiers in the Civil War
While almost half of the Union soldiers had been farmers before joining the Army, the others represented a wide variety of expertise and occupations. Hailing from the industrial cities of the North, they ranged from unskilled laborers to engineers, hairdressers, mechanics, and even college professors.
Their education and schooling was just as diverse. Soldiers with university degrees marched beside men who could neither read nor write. In general, however, most of the Union forces had had at least some schooling.

On the other hand

More than half the Confederate soldiers were farmers, although only a very small percentage of them owned slaves. The others came from many different types of jobs: carpenters, clerks, blacksmiths, students, etc. While as diverse as the Union forces, their occupations—due to the South’s regional focus on agriculture rather than industry—were not as technologically specialized.

http://www.civilwar.org/education/history/warfare-and-logistics/warfare/who-fought.html
Conclusion
The farmers lose to the organic specialists when there is a war between them. Only if the organic warriors extend the supply line too long (as Napoleon did in Russia in 1812 and as Hitler also did in Russia in 1941-2) do the organic soldiers lose. A weird and ugly exception can occur when the organic people only seek a stalemate instead of a victory (the United States in Vietnam from 1959-1975).

A culture full of specialists will beat a primitive hunter-gatherer culture every time. The best the primitive warriors can do is a temporary, tactical stalemate, as was achieved at Little Big Horn over General Custer. Custer’s second in command retreated to a better hill and survived with his men and Indian scouts to tell the story (and have a bigger and better equipped army arrive at the front by railroad).

The courage and horsemanship of the Lakota did not defeat the logistical power of eastern factories’ war materiel delivered by railroad. The only Indians who escaped losing and signing a treaty were those living on land too swampy to build any railroad, the Seminole in Florida.