Tuesday, November 29, 2022

2022 Ürümqi Fire

On 24 November 2022, a fire broke out in a residential high-rise in Ürümqi, Xinjiang, China.  Ten people were killed and an additional nine were injured.  Journalists raised questions that China's strict enforcement of the zero-COVID policy prevented residents from leaving the building, or interfered with the efforts of firefighters.  Authorities denied these claims.  The fire was seen by observers as a trigger of protests in several cities across China over the following days, which targeted the zero-COVID policy but in several instances also called for an end to the Chinese Communist Party rule and for its leader Xi Jinping to step down.

Background

Ürümqi is the capital city of Xinjiang, home to the Uyghur population.  Since August 2022, COVID-19 has spread to many parts of Xinjiang, and the local government had formulated several epidemic prevention policies in response, such as lockdowns and mandatory testing. Before the fire, the Jixiangyuan community was designated as a "low-risk area", and residents could go out for one to two hours each day while having to stay at home for the rest. It was unclear whether people were allowed to leave their compounds.

Fire

On 24 November 2022, at around 7:49 p.m. (11:49 a.m. GMT) a fire broke out on the 15th floor of a 21-story apartment building known as Jixiangyuan community building 8, unit 2, room 1502.

An investigation discovered that resident Ayshem Memeteli (Chinese: 阿依仙木·買買提艾力) was steam showering in the bathroom, which tripped the circuit breaker.  After Ayshem reset the breaker, her daughter noticed sparks from an electronic socket. A power strip was also involved. After some firefighting efforts with community worker Deng Mingxing (Chinese: 鄧明星) and neighbors from the 14th floor, the fire spread out of control. They notified the 119 fire department and evacuated to the ground floor.  Officials said that a fireproof door on the 15th floor had been left open, which allowed the spread of the fire.

During the fire, epidemic prevention workers were unable to break down fences and barriers in time, and cars parked in the Jixiangyuan community blocked the fire trucks. Video footage posted to social media shows firetrucks unable to get close to the building and water from hoses unable to reach the structure fully. Other posted videos were reported to have recorded the screams of those trapped in the fire.

According to the local newspaper Xinjiang Daily, the Jixiangyuan community (Chinese: 吉祥苑小区), where the accident happened, lacked sufficient roadway for fire engines to pass, as a critical rescue passageway was blocked by fences and bollards for COVID crowd control and contact tracing measures.  

The fire was extinguished 3 hours later, around 10:35 p.m. (2:35 p.m. GMT), killed 10 people, including a three-year-old child, and injured nine, according to authorities.

Aftermath

After the fire, vigils and protests were held in Xinjiang, Shanghai, Nanjing and Beijing, criticizing the Chinese government's zero-COVID policy, with some calling on CCP leader Xi Jinping to resign.  Members of the public criticized the government's excessive epidemic prevention laws, which they suspect prevented firefighters from arriving at the scene.  

In the former French Concession neighborhood of Shanghai, protesters mourned the victims. They called for an end to the zero-COVID policy and for the ruling CCP and its general secretary Xi Jinping to step down.  

In Beijing and Nanjing, protesters held up blank pieces of paper to mourn the victims of the fire as well as criticize the censorship of their government.  Protests also occurred at universities and colleges such as Tsinghua University, Peking University, and Sun Yat-sen University.

Response by Chinese Government

Ürümqi mayor Memtimin Qadir apologized to the city's residents on the evening of 25 November during a press conference, and promised an investigation.

Li Wensheng, head of the Urumqi City Fire Rescue Department, said that some residents' abilities to rescue themselves were "too weak" and that they had "failed to escape in time".  Political scientist Dali Yang from the University of Chicago proposed that the comments by authorities on residents having been able to go downstairs and escape may have further fuelled public anger for having been perceived as victim blaming.  On 27 November 2022, Xinjiang officials promised to ease the lockdown measures without acknowledging the existence of the protest.

Response by the Uyghur Emigrant Community

Washington-based Uyghur academic Tahir Imin told The New York Times that the fire department response was terrible, and the fire wasn't under control for three hours despite having available facilities and equipment.

Abdulhafiz Maimaitimin, an Uyghur exile living in Switzerland, told journalists his aunt Qemernisa Abdurahman (also transliterated as Haiernishahan Abdureheman) and four family members in China were not rescued in time due to living in an Uyghur-majority neighborhood. They also raised concerns that the number of victims was being underreported by Chinese officials.

Merhaba Muhammad, an Uyghur emigrant living in Turkey, is also a relative of Abdurahman.  She told Newsweek that she lost contact with her family in 2016, after she left Xinjiang for international study. She claimed more than 44 people had died in the fire, citing her social media circles. She also emphasized that the local fire department did not prioritize saving Uyghurs.  

Mohammad and Sharapat Mohammad Ali, also relatives of Abdurahman, expressed their grief over the accident.

See also

        https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_%C3%9Cr%C3%BCmqi_fire

 


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